Multiple-order quarter waveplates are an economical tool for controlling the polarization state of lasers or other narrowband light sources. A quarter waveplate is used to convert linear to circular polarization and vice versa.
Less costly than zero-order wave plates
Quartz uniaxial crystal material
Laser line antireflection V-coated for R <0.25% per surface
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multiple-order-quarter-wave-plates - Drawings
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Specifications
Material
Quartz
Construction
Single Plate
Retardation
λ/4
Retardation Accuracy
±λ/300 at 20 ±1°C
Damage Threshold
2 MW/cm2 CW
Pulse Damage Threshold
2 J/cm2 with 10 nsec pulses
Wavefront Distortion
≤λ/10 at 632.8 nm over the full aperture
Surface Quality
10-5 scratch-dig
Wedge
<0.5 arc sec
Features
Quarter Waveplates
Quarter-wave plates are used to turn plane-polarized light into circularly polarized light and vice versa. To do this, we must orient the wave plate so that equal amounts of fast and slow waves are excited. We may do this by orienting an incident plane-polarized wave at 45° to the fast (or slow) axis, as shown.
Wavelength Sensitivity
A wave plate of practical thickness produces a multiple of λ/4 or λ/2 retardation (e.g., 15 1/2 λ for a ~1mm thick optic). Such a plate will behave as expected at the design wavelength. However, as the optical wavelength is changed, the retardation will change much more rapidly than it would for a true zero-order wave plate. The higher the multiple (or order), the higher the retardance error a multiple-order waveplate will exhibit as the wavelength changes. For more information, please see our Introduction to Waveplates tutorial.
Temperature Sensitivity
Wave plates are sensitive to temperature changes. A typical multiple-order wave plate has a temperature coefficient of 0.0015λ/°C, compared to 0.0001λ/°C for a zero-order wave plate, so tighter temperature control will be required.
How Quartz Waveplates Work
Quartz is an example of a uniaxial crystal, or crystal in which one axis has a different refractive index than the other two axes. The index associated with the unique axis is called the extraordinary index, the ordinary refractive index is associated with the remaining two axes. A half or quarter wave plate is a polished slice of a uniaxial crystal, in which the extraordinary axis lies within the plane of the optic. Light with polarization vector components oriented along the ordinary axis will undergo a phase delay relative to the perpendicular component oriented along the extraordinary axis. Change in polarization state will depend on the input state, and the physical orientation of the waveplate.
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